HA draws water to skin surface while glycerin acts as a humectant at deeper levels. Multi-layer hydration approach.
Glycerin draws moisture while ceramides prevent water loss. Humectant + occlusive/barrier approach for maximum hydration.
Niacinamide increases ceramide production and strengthens barrier; glycerin provides humectant hydration. Multi-level skin hydration strategy.
Classic humectant + emollient combination. Glycerin attracts water, squalane locks it in. Simple but highly effective.
Myth: "glycerin reduces vitamin C absorption." No evidence. Glycerin as a humectant is compatible with all actives.
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serum
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