active

Hydroquinone

Evidence tier

MODERATE

Evidence score

HQ studies

Total studies

Goal scores

Acne

8 studies

Brightening

8 studies

Anti Aging

8 studies

Sebum

8 studies

Barrier

8 studies

Hydration

8 studies

Sensitivity

8 studies

Interactions

antagonism · Retinol

Both increase photosensitivity. Combined use without strict sun protection increases risk of paradoxical darkening.

antagonism · Benzoyl Peroxide

BP oxidizes hydroquinone, causing temporary staining and reducing depigmenting efficacy. Should not be combined.

antagonism · Tretinoin

While used together in Kligman formula (under supervision), unsupervised combination causes extreme photosensitivity and rebound hyperpigmentation.

antagonism · Glycolic Acid

Both increase photosensitivity. Combined without strict SPF protocol increases risk of rebound hyperpigmentation.

antagonism · Salicylic Acid

Combined high-irritation actives increase photosensitivity and risk of paradoxical pigmentation.

Citations

PMID:34525492
Microneedling-assisted topical tranexamic acid solution versus 4% hydroquinone for treating melasma: A split-face randomized study.
DOI:10.1111/jocd.13771
An effective hydroquinone alternative for topical skin lightening
DOI:10.1159/000454719
In vitro Dermal Absorption of Hydroquinone: Protocol Validation and Applicability on Illegal Skin-Whitening Cosmetics
PMID:35510765
Comparison of the efficacy of cysteamine 5% cream and hydroquinone 4%/ascorbic acid 3% combination cream in the treatment of epidermal melasma.
DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2005.01218.x
Toxicology and health risks of hydroquinone in skin lightening formulations
PMID:33683782
Comparison of 2% deoxyarbutin and 4% hydroquinone as a depigmenting agent in healthy individuals: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial.
DOI:10.1111/j.1473-2130.2004.00085.x
Discolouration of the fingernails from using hydroquinone skin‐lightening cream
DOI:10.1159/000314702